Agrochemicals are the result of modern technology that depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Over use of these chemicals have severe effects on environment that may lead to an immediate and long term effects. Investigating farmers’ awareness of agrochemicals residues and their behaviors regarding application is important in order to reduce human factors that negatively affect agricultural safety. This study focuses on a summary of both national and international studies regarding the effects of pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues on nature, as well as farmers’ awareness of these effects. This research incorporates the actual performance of farmers of Rupandehi district on the issue of agrochemicals.