This article employs regression analysis to investigate household determinants of welfare and poverty in Botswana, using the 2002/2003 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and the 2009/2010 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator Survey data. Education level and employment status of the household head are among the key determinants of household welfare and poverty. Moreover, residing in rural areas increases the likelihood of being poor and negatively relates with welfare. Therefore, public policy must continue to emphasize on education and job creation among the strategies for poverty reduction in Botswana. Still, initiatives for rural development are also critical for poverty reduction.