Background. Inspite of the fact that accidental caustic ingestion is an entirely easily preventable problem, it has however persisted
in rural Nigerian communities because the commonly implicated agent which is caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) is sold
in open markets without restrictive legislations. This study aims to identify the perpetuating factors of paediatric caustic ingestion
and recommend preventive measures. Method. Retrospective analysis of clinical records of our paediatric patients who presented
following caustic ingestion between November 2006 and November 2010 was made for demography, socioeconomic status of
parent(s), caustic substance ingested with amount (where known), circumstance of ingestion, means of oesophageal evaluation,
treatment and outcome. Results. There were 16 paediatric cases of caustic ingestion during the study period with age ranging from
1 to 18 years with mode in the 1–3 years group and male : female ratio 4.3 : 1. In 100% of the cases, the caustic ingestion was
accidental, while caustic soda was the agent in 93.7%, and 87.5% of the parents were into local soap and detergent production.
In all patients, the oesophagus was evaluated with late barium swallow/meal and oesophagoscopy before treatment. Conclusion.
Caustic ingestion among rural children in Nigeria can be prevented.