There is a large body of literature which documents and analyzes the labor market
outcomes of Blacks in the US. Most of that literature compares Blacks with Whites (Neal
2008) and concludes that, on average, Blacks have less favorable labor market outcomes
(Jaynes 1990, Juhn, Murphy and Brooks, 1991), even if Welch (2003) documents that the
wages of Black men are catching up. The immigration literature focuses on the labor
market experience of immigrants and measures how they compare with native born. For
example, Smith (2003) analyzes generational mobility among Hispanic men; Hu (2000)
and Hum and Simpson (2004) use panel data to revisit the comparison between foreign
and native born; Blau and Kahn (2005) compare the assimilation of Mexican males and
females; and Card, DiNardo and Estes (2000) compare the assimilation rates of
successive immigration waves. Another part of the immigration literature investigates
whether immigrant inflows affect the outcomes of native born (Card and DiNardo, 2000;
Card 2001; Card 2005).