This is a cross-sectional study carried out in seven villages in Chililab area between 2008 and 2010. Interviews were conducted with 896 family members of the deceased people with the following objectives: 1) To determine the specific causes of death by gender and age group in Chililab in the period of 2008 - 2010; 2) To determine the consistency in the specific causes of death between DSS
(Demographic Surveillance Systems) data and VA results. The researchers used the verbal autopsy (VA) method to determine the causes of death in Chililab - Vietnam. Two clinicians were assigned to independently derive the causes of death from the information provided by the respondents with the use of VA questionnaires. The causes of death were coded according to ICD10 (International Classification of Diseases). Results: the leading causes of death in Chililab were non-communicable diseases (such as cancer and stroke) and road traffic injuries. The causes of death in different age groups varied. The mortality rate of males exceeded that of females. The primary causes of death in men were quite different from those in women. The agreement of diagnosis between two clinicians was high, especially in case of deaths from injuries and cancer. However, the differences in the causes of death were found between the results of our VA study and the database of DSS. Recommendation: It is necessary to implement the NCD (Non Communicable Diseases) prevention programs in Chililab. Further research on injury should be conducted in order to develop the appropriate injury prevention programs. More categories of the causes of death should be added to the DSS questionnaire.