This study explores the social and cultural perception and implications of childlessness among men and
women living in a diverse cultural urban community, Ekiti state, Nigeria. A total of 600 respondents comprising 175
men and 425 women were selected for interview using multi-stage random sampling technique. A triangulation method
of data collection was used (questionnaire, focus-group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview (IDI)). The statistical
analysis was done at the univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. The result of the study shows that both men and
women perceive childlessness in women to be caused by evil spirits, ancestral curses and promiscuity while the cause
of childlessness in men is perceived to be the result of psychosexual disorders. Childlessness in this community has
severe health and social implications especially for women. Community education on the actual causes of childlessness
which will dispel myths about the causes and ways of preventing infertility is recommended.