This study of trends and correlates of contraceptive use employs data collected in four national surveys conducted in Kenya between 1977 and 1993. Since the mid-1980s, Kenya has experienced perhaps one of the most remarkable fertility transition in human history. Kenya’s total fertility rate of 8 children per woman was rated the highest in the world in 1978. The total fertility rate declined by 33 percent from about 8 children per woman in 1977 to 5.4 children per woman in 1993. The dramatic changes also reflect in the contraceptive prevalence rate, which increased from 7 percent in 1977 to 27 percent in 1989 and further to 33 percent in 1993. The contraceptive revolution has been experienced across the board, albeit at different rates. There is also a general convergence whereby previously lower contracepting groups are improving more rapidly than pioneer users. The result is narrowing contraceptive rate differentials across residential (rural-urban), educational, and regional boundaries. Kenya’s transition is a result of greater availability of family planning services, socioeconomic progress of the 1960s and 1970s, and the economic hardships of the 1980s, all of which have influenced Kenyans to desire fewer children. Social, economic, cultural and environmental changes have also contributed to the transition. Reflections of these can be found in the compositional changes in which the proportions of women with characteristics associated with higher contraceptive use, and desires for lower fertility have increased. Most remarkable is the substantial increase in the proportion of women with primary and secondary education. Likewise, the proportions of women working outside the home, living in urban areas, in monogamous unions, and approving use of contraception have increased