Background. Ethiopia is among highly tuberculosis affected countries. This might be related to low level of awareness on the disease
in the population. The objective of the study was to determine the level of tuberculosis knowledge and socioeconomic factors
associated with it. Methods. The 2011 Ethiopia health and demographic survey data were used. Overall tuberculosis knowledge
score was computed to evaluate the outcome variable. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify independent
socioeconomic factors associated with low tuberculosis knowledge. Results. The overall tuberculosis knowledge was low, 44.05%
(95% CI: 42.05–46.24%) among women and 32.3% (95% CI: 30.34–34.32%) among men. Rural women (AOR = 1.22) and youth,
no formal education (women: AOR = 3.28, men: AOR = 7.42), attending only primary education (women: AOR = 1.95, men:
AOR = 3.49), lowest wealth quintiles (women: AOR = 1.4, Men: AOR = 1.28), unskilled female manual workers (AOR = 4.15),
female agricultural employee (AOR = 2.28), and lack of access to media (women: AOR = 1.52, men: AOR = 1.71) are significantly
associated with low tuberculosis knowledge. Conclusion. The level of tuberculosis knowledge among adults in Ethiopia is low and
varied by socioeconomic groups. Tuberculosis control programs should consider appropriate strategies for tuberculosis education,
promotion, communication, and social mobilization to address the rural women, youths, the poor, less educated people, and
unskilled workers.