Anaemia is a major childhood health problem in developing countries. The aim of this cross-sectional
study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia, and some of its determinants, in preschool children in a rural
village in the Northern State of Sudan. All children aged 3–6 years attending the 4 village kindergartens on the
day of the study were enrolled. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected using a questionnaire
completed by parents, and blood samples were taken for haemoglobin measurement. Out of 163 children,
131 had anaemia (haemoglobin level < 11 g/dL), a prevalence of 80.4%. This figure is comparable to data from
other developing countries. The prevalence of anaemia was not significantly associated with any of the studied
demographic and socioeconomic factors (sex, economic status of the family, mother’s literacy or family size)
or health of the child (history of pica or number of attacks of malaria in the last year). A campaign to tackle this
serious health issue is urgently needed.