The main objective of this research is to contribute to a better understanding
of migratory phenomenon in Timor-Leste, especially with reference to irregular
migration, migrant smuggling and human trafficking.
Timor-Leste is a destination country for migrants, including foreign workers in
irregular situations, who come from various parts of the world, but mainly from
the region. Within its regional context, factors contributing to this migration
pattern are the country’s recent history; its geographical position, as well as its
economic development and dollar-based economy (the only one in the region).
As far as migrant smuggling and human trafficking are concerned, some cases
have been identified, such as women forced into prostitution and men working
under forced-labour conditions on fishing boats.
In this context, the Immigration and Asylum Law was adopted in 2003 and
an autonomous Migration Service has been created with the objective of
improving migration management. Projects to counter human trafficking are
also being implemented. Currently, civil society has participation in this realm
remains limited; however, unions have begun assisting migrants in irregular
situations and local Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) have supported
victims of human trafficking.
Irregular migration is considered an important issue by state and
non-governmental institutions, especially given high unemployment rates,
particularly among youth. Taking into account the development process, the
limitations of vocational training and the education system and increased
investment in sectors such as construction, infrastructure and oil, it is possible
to anticipate the demand for specialized foreign workers. It is, therefore,
fundamental to improve labour migration policy as well as civil society
engagement, including the provision of safe immigration channels and the
protection of migrants against human trafficking and migrant smuggling
networks. Furthermore, a debate about the links between migration and
development policies is essential for the strategic management of migration so
that its contribution to development can improve.