This study examines fertility regulation in Kazakhstan, with dual emphases on providers’ attitudes toward abortion and the public financial costs of abortion provision. Though abortion incidence declined sharply in the 1990s in Eastern European countries and in the former Soviet republics, it stagnated at relatively high levels in the early 2000s, accounting for a substantial proportion of gynecological morbidity and maternal mortality. Limited literature is available on the role of health service providers’ attitudes that may encourage or discourage abortion culture. Additionally, most studies examine abortion incidence from the perspective of its impact on women’s health, while the issue of the public financial burden imposed by the provision of services for “avoidable” abortions remains unexplored. This study sheds lights on these two areas by conducting a two-part field survey in Kazakhstan.