National Rural Health Mission represents an important public health initiative to address essential health needs of the country’s underserved population. For the mission to achieve its goals, urban population needs to be included in its scope. Urban poor population constitutes nearly a third of India’s urban population and is growing at three times the national population growth rate. Health status and access of reproductive and child health services of slum dwellers is poor and comparable to the rural population. Public sector urban health delivery system, especially for poor, has so far been sporadic, far from adequate and limited in its reach. Other factors contributing to inadequate reach of services are illegality, social exclusion of slums, hidden slum pockets, weak social fabric, lacking coordination among various stakeholders and neglected political consciousness. Opportunities for impacting urban health are several. Efforts to improve the conditions of urban poor necessitate strengthening national policy and fiscal mandate, augmenting and strengthening the urban health delivery system, coordinating among multiple stakeholders, involving private sector, strengthening municipal functioning and building community capacities. National Rural Health Mission should be broadened to National Public Health Mission