This paper assesses the effect of a nationally mandated free school meal program in India on school enrollment and attendance using survey data. School panel data allow a difference-indifferences estimation strategy, comparing the difference in the participation rates before and after the introduction of the program between treatment and control schools. The results show that the average monthly attendance rate of girls in grade 1 jumps up by more than 10 percentage points with the introduction of the program. Analysis of cross-sectional household data suggests that the program did not lead to a significant increase in overall enrollment levels although panel data indicate a small positive effect on the enrollment rates of girls from disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. Overall the findings show that the program has been more successful in improving participation rates of girls thereby reducing gender disparity in schoolin