Results of the recently released third National Family Health Survey carried out in 2005-06 reveal that 46 per cent of India's children under three years are underweight. The NFHS-3 clearly shows limited progress in ensuring universal health services and care to children under three years of age (especially to newborns) and to mothers and women. Preliminary results confirm the continuing neglect of health, inadequate reach and efficacy of health and childcare services.