Based on the endogenous growth theory, this paper uses the Gini
coefficient to measure educational inequality and studies the empirical
relationship between educational inequality and income inequality through a
simultaneous equation model. The results show that: (1) Income inequality leads
to educational inequality while the reduction of educational equality does not
contribute to the decrease of income inequality, and there is no simple casual
effect between them. However education expansion is beneficial to reduce
educational inequality and income inequality. (2) Education relates to income
inequality through the human capital transmission mechanism, but this
mechanism does not automatically translate into a virtuous cycle of “educational
equality??income equality”. (3) In the long run, the reduction of educational
inequality does not reduce income inequality, but income inequality has a negative
instant-impact on educational equality. (4) At present, the level of educational
investment and urbanization do not effectively promote educational equality. In
addition, the robustness of the model used in this paper has been partly proved.