Background: Globally, type 2 diabetes is increasingly prevalent; however, unique cultural contexts in each
country might affect these diabetes control behaviours. Diabetes is a serious health issue in Sri Lanka and little
is known about the impact of sociocultural context on diabetes health behaviours.
Aim: This first-time qualitative Sri Lankan study explored the health beliefs and practices of adults with
diabetes to enhance current nursing care and medical treatment.
Methods: An ethnographic approach was used to collect data through participant observations, in-depth
interviews with 14 key informants in their homes and field notes. Data were analysed by thematic analysis.
Results: Findings revealed unique, informative insights into sociocultural worlds of the participants from
three Sinhalese, Tamils and Moor ethnic groups. Findings are described under five themes: gaining religious
support, changing food habits is a struggle, exercising is challenging, Western medicine causes long-term
consequences and Ayurveda/traditional treatments can cure.
Conclusion: In Sri Lankans, the impact of sociocultural context on glycaemic control behaviours is significant
and should be taken in consideration when health professionals provide care, treatment and health education.
Limitations: Study informants were selected from three ethnic groups and just two communities. Further
in-depth research is required using both qualitative and quantitative approaches in individual groups.
Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: Culturally relevant policies and protocols for community care
and treatment of people with diabetes are urgently required in Sri Lanka to enhance cultural treatment and
care and reduce the epidemic of diabetes. These policies need to take into account traditional beliefs and
practices of various ethnic groups.