Data on 5738 women from the Third National Population Census (1982) for China were used to analyze discrepancies in the child mortality rate, especially the infant mortality rate, between regions, socioeconomic groups, and ethnic groups. Mothers who lived in a municipal suburb were less likely to have experienced the death of a child than those in a city or in rural areas. Even when controlling the variables of nationality, education, occupation, and the urban-rural factor, child mortality was higher in western China than in eastern China. This was consistent with the geographical distribution of the level of socioeconomic development. Women of the Han nationality had experienced considerably fewer child deaths than those of the minority nationalities. In fact, the Uighur people had the highest child mortality. Xinjiang region had the highest infant mortality of all 28 provinces, primarily due to its large Uighur population. Infant mortality among the Uighurs in Xinjiang was as high as 45.9%. The higher the educational level of the parents, particularly that of mother's, the lower the child mortality level. Primary education had the greatest effect on reducing child mortality. In fact, of all the variables, mother's education had the greatest effect on improving child survival. In terms of fathers, professional and office worker positions had the lowest child mortality. As for mothers, commercial and service personnel positions had the lowest child mortality. - See more at: http://www.popline.org/node/377429#sthash.Uue5Hlx9.dpuf