This study examines some factors that influence fertility behaviour in Ghana,with particular emphasis on the influence of contraception as an intermediate variable. The decade examined covers the period 1988 to 1998 and the factors analyzed are age, residence, education, religion and ethnicity. Employing multivariate regression analysis and path models, the study observes that among all the factors, age is the only variable that6 has a moderate effect on fertility.Also of significant interest is that the positive influence of contraceptive use on fertility in 1988 is reversed in 1998. The study notes that given the non—significant effects obtained save the moderate effect of age, it is not possible to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the impact that any of the sefactors might have contributed to the observed reduction in fertility during the period. In light of this, the study recommends that more effort would be required if fertility is to be reduced substantially. Nonetheless, the reversal in the effect of contraceptive use between the two periods is seen as encouraging