This study was developed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with mammograms among Brazilian women, based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) in 2003. 16,570 and 10,722 women aged 50-59 and 60-69 years participated in the study. 43% of participants aged 50-69 years had received a mammogram in the previous two years. The rate was lower among older women (37%) as compared to the younger group (46%). In both age groups, having received a mammogram in the previous two years was positively and independently associated with urban residence, region of residence, years of schooling, family income, Papanicolaou exam, number of physician visits, and health plan coverage. The results showed that the prevalence of mammograms in the previous two years is low among older Brazilian women, mainly in the 60-69-year group. The study identified striking inequalities in mammogram coverage. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for such inequalities and thus help overcome them.