The intra-familial dynamics driving the benefits associated with the demographic transition have received little attention despite the duration and intensity of efforts to reduce fertility rates in Egypt. This study explores the interplay between household structure and individual welfare through the conceptual lens of the Resource Dilution model. Based on the premise that individual outcomes are determined primarily by the allocation of parental resources to their children, the model posits that the intra-household flows of resources are patterned according to the composition of the sibling group. The applicability of this model to Egypt is tested here using survey data on Egyptian adolescents collected in 1997.