Accepting the socio-economic backwardness of some castes and tribes, the Indian Constitution has made special provisions for their improvement. To address the issue of social inequality, several policies in the post-Independence period have caste-based orientation. But the results have been far from satisfactory. Backward communities suffer prejudice, poverty and severe material hardships even now. The present article highlights the inequality between Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribe (STs) and non-SC/STs with the help of asset possession approach of poverty measurement based on Census data of 2011. It reveals that overall assets possession status of Indian households has improved between Census 2001 and 2011. All states and Union Territories (UTs) have shown positive asset growth during the above-mentioned period. STs have registered growth during that period but it is still not adequate to redress the assets inequalities. SCs have made some progress but there are still giant strides to be made before inequalities are appropriately addressed. This article also tries to show regional disparities among the groups within a state/UT as well as disparities among the states/UTs along the individual group. The analysis has revealed that asset poor regions remained poor throughout the period under the article.