Education is considered to be an important and most vital instrument for the development of any nation. But in a cast ridden and hierarchical society like India’s access to educational opportunities is unequal and unjust. Since educational developments took place within the framework of stratified social system, it has always been focused on the needs of the privileged ones. So, the “Directive Principles of State Policy” and article 15(4) of the Indian Constitution enables the state to make special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward class of citizens or for the scheduled caste and tribes. Schedule caste children because of their socio-economic conditions; find it hard to be in schools, though this group comprises about 15% of the country’s total population. This study aims to find out the enrollment, retention of schedule caste students and to investigate the problem faced by them in secondary level of education in the second most scheduled caste populated district – Karimganj in the highest populated North Eastern States – Assam. The study followed the descriptive research with survey method. All the secondary schools in Karimganj district constituted the target population. Simple random sampling was followed for the study. Questionnaires were used as tools. The study found that, the scheduled castes in this district are still backward in educational development and achievements. Moreover, the study also revealed that with the increase of level of education, the dropout rate increases in case of scheduled caste students. The socio-economic and socio-familial factors, inadequate government funds and incentives, lack of proper planning and proper implementation of government policies and schemes are acting as the major barriers of schedule caste education in this area.