This thesis concerns the utilization of land as a socio-economic livelihood resource. Based on a case study of peasant owned land in Tooro Kingdom, different uses to which land is put are studied in relation to their importance to people’s efforts towards sustaining livelihoods. An underlying thinking is that current ways in which the resource is being used do not necessarily exhaust all its potential. Therefore, there is a possibility that the socio-economic productivity of the resource can be enhanced through finding solutions to the challenges being faced in its use. A sustainable livelihood framework is used together with realism theory to give the study a theoretical background. Here, land is viewed as a natural resource whose livelihood potential can be utilized depending on not only people’s capacity to identify that value and continuously utilize it for their benefit, but also based on factors beyond the control of the individual land users or owners. A qualitative research methodology was the main tool for generating research materials during the research process. Emphasis in this was laid on research interviews, fieldwork observations and a study of secondary research sources with a questionnaire being used in situations where it was preferred to interviews by respondents.