Achievements in access and participation in primary education show positive trends in
Cambodia. The policy environment has been progressive and the government has shown
commitment at the policy level towards achieving primary education goals. But gaps in results
remain. This paper identifies the children who are not being reached with respect to universal
primary education (UPE) in Cambodia, highlighting socio-economic disparities across the
population. It analyzes the supply- and demand-driven factors that affect the achievement of
UPE and examines relevant policies. The paper concludes with policy options to include hard-toreach
populations, specifically children from poor, rural, and remote areas and ethnic minority
groups.