Objective To evaluate the use of reproductive health care and incidence of paediatric HIV infection during the expansion of antiretroviral therapy and services for the prevention of mother-tochild transmission in rural Malawi, and the influence of integration of these HIV-related services into general health services. Design Descriptive analysis. Setting Thyolo District, with a population of 600 000, an HIV prevalence of 21% and a total fertility rate of 5.7 in 2004. Population Women attending reproductive health services care in 2005 and 2010. Methods Review of facility records and databases for routine monitoring. Main outcome measures Use of antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, family planning and sexually transmitted infection services; incidence of HIV infection in infants born to mothers who received prevention of mother-to-child transmission care. Results There was a marked increase in the uptake of perinatal care: pregnant women in 2010 were 50% more likely to attend at least one antenatal visit (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.48–1.51); were twice as likely to deliver at a healthcare facility (RR 2.05, 95% CI 2.01– 2.08); and were more than four times as likely to present for postpartum care (RR 4.40, 95% CI 4.25–4.55). Family planning consultations increased by 40% and the number of women receiving treatment for sexually transmitted infections doubled. Between 2007 and 2010, the number of HIV-exposed infants who underwent testing for HIV went up from 421 to 1599/year, and the proportion testing positive decreased from 13.3 to 5.0%; infants were 62% less likely to test HIV positive (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27–0.52).Conclusions During the expansion and integration of HIV care, the use of reproductive health services increased and the outcomes of infants born to HIV-infected mothers improved. HIV care may be successfully integrated into broader reproductive health
services.