The aim of this study is to analyze the changing patterns of the reproductive model of the Akan in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. We assume that the Akan of both countries had the same traditional reproductive model (broadly speaking) and that the patterns of change in this model are different from one country to another due to variations in socioeconomic development and population policies between both countries. More specifically we intend to: 1) describe and compare the changes that occurred in the Akan reproductive model; and 2) assess the contribution of social change and population policy to these changes. This paper is divided into four main sections. The first one includes background information on the Akan and the literature review related to the impact of social change (or modernization) and population policy on fertility. The second section presents the data used and analytical methods adopted in this study. The third section presents the results with a description of the changes in the reproductive model and their determinants. The final section discusses the results and concludes the study.