With USAID assistance, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) has been engaged in a concerted effort to improve living standards in her cities and towns through the provision of basic urban infrastructure and services as well as to increase Local Government capabilities to plan, finance and manage appropriately designed infrastructure within their respective jurisdictions. The overall effort is guided by a GOI sanctioned Urban Policy Action Plan (PAP) and is currently being implemented under a national Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development Program (IUIDP). A major concern of USAID and GOI relates to the degree that expenditure is benefitting those mcst in need, in particular the urban poor and women (who are recognized for their special role as family health providers and thus as important target beneficiaries in their own right). In response to these concerns, USAID has commissioned the work contained in this report which is aimed at "determining the feasibility of undertaking a household suivey or series of surveys to determine the incidence of benefits, by income group and by gender, of the various programs in urban infrastructure." Based on a review of the overall policy and program environment, the report sets out a series of methodological options, including both secondary analysis of existing census and survey data as well as new primary data collection. In doing this, it attempts to emphasize the need to carefully define objectives and the ways in which different objectives can imply substantially different study designs. It also emphasizes the need to focus on systems which are not only analytically sound, but which have the potential to offer useful information to planners and managers at all levels of Government.