After reviewing the urban demographic facts and prospects for India as a whole, this report asks one basic question: Who, in the Indian polity, is responsible for urban government and urban development? As with the other country reports in this series, the main objective is to understand the national perception of the place of urban development in India's development priorities; and to describe, in basic outline at least, the governmental response in urban policy and program. The main theme of this report is urban government and urban administration in India. In relation to this, the following topics are discussed: (1) Urbanization in India: The Demographic Situation Projected; Growth of the Indian Urban Population; (2) The National Planning Response; (3) Center-State Relations in Urban Development; (4) Urban Administration; (5) Implementing Agencies in Urban Areas; (6) Training Programs in Urban Administration; (7) A National Institute of Urban Affairs?