The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the British Academy Committee for Central and Inner Asia (CCIA), whose small grant scheme facilitated Shamsia Ibragimova to spend a period of time in the UK during the preparation of this report. The support of the Childhood Poverty Research and Policy Centre is also acknowledged, and particular thanks are extended to Rachel Marcus and Caroline Harper for their support throughout the project. The authors are grateful to the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic and the World Bank for access to the data. Any errors remain those of the authors themselves.