Monga is a seasonal scarcity of employment mostly concentrated in the north western region of the country (referred to as the NORTH). Transitory food insecurity, arising from seasonality, natural disasters, etc., occurs even in the presence of a number of social safety programs. The longest pre-harvest period starts in mid-September and lasts through mid-November, when acute food shortage occurs. Severely hit region, known as the monga-affected area, has been identified to be the landscape that lies in the Jamuna and Tista river basin. Ethnic minorities in Bangladesh, mostly concentrated in the south-eastern part (referred to as the SOUTH), comprise approximately 1 % of the total population. A large portion of these minority people live below the poverty line. Child poverty is known to be extensive in this group. Principal objectives of the study were to find if there were any differences in the magnitude of food insecurity and consequent food vulnerability among children from ethnic minorities vis-a-vis children of monga-affected households. The study also attempted to find how important food poverty was, as a determinant of child labor for both groups of children. In general, the poverty rate appeared to be higher among the minority groups. But the monga-affected areas seem to have a higher hardcore poverty rate. Food insecurity seemed to be far more pervasive among the monga-affected households than their counterparts of minority groups. Where households are (food) insecure, we could infer, children also would be insecure. Total vulnerability to poverty was found to be higher in the south, but non-poor were more vulnerable in the north than in the south. Food poverty seemed to be a significant determinant of child labor in the north, but not in the south. In the north, the number of children in the household, food poverty and children not going to school were significant determinants of child labor. However, in the south agricultural income, size of the household, cultivable land and children not going to school turned out to be significant determinants of child labor.