This work includes the speeches made at the international workshop on HIV/AIDS, Prevention and Care among Mobile Groups in the Balkans. The workshop was held in Rome in June 2001. The speeches provide a comprehensive overview of the HIV/AIDS problem in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Republic of Macedonia. The theme of the workshop was "Urgent Intervention to Reduce and Control the Spread of HIV/AIDS and STDs in the Balkans," and the workshop's main objective to enable participants share experiences and discuss strategies for future implementation of joint activities to curb the epidemic in the region.