Social protection for poor and orphaned children and widows date from the 16th and early 17th century English Elizabethan Poor Laws. As early as 1948, social protection was specified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with the statement that everyone has the right to social security. There are a number of interventions targeting people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS to improve their household welfare as well as that of Orphan and Vulnerable children (OVC) in Nyang’oma Division of Bondo District, but little is known about the influence of these interventions in children wellbeing. The study sought to examine the influence of social protection systems on education, health, food security and family care of OVC well-being. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target populations for the study included 4590 OVC’S households from the 7 sub-locations of Nyang’oma Division .There was proportionate allocation of the sample of 357 based on the population per the existing 7 sub location. Simple random sampling was then used to pick sample per household to identify the OVC and caregiver to interview. Data was collected using the questionnaire that was reviewed by peers and later the supervisor to ascertain its face and construct validity. The questionnaire was pilot-tested using a sample of 20 households who were not part of the actual sample. Six key informants from government departments that support social protection systems/programme in the study area were also purposively selected and interviewed. The data obtained was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) computer programme. Descriptive data was analyzed using percentages and frequencies while inferential analysis was done using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC).The study established that there was a significantly positive relationship between social protection systems and education of the OVC (r=0.44; n=171; p<0.01). The relationship was of moderate strength, indicating that completion of education of the OVC was associated with social stronger protection systems, hence the stronger the social protection systems the more likely that the OVC would complete school and enroll at the next education levels. A moderate and significant positive relationship existed between the caregivers’ satisfaction with the OVC health and social protection systems(r=0.39; n=171; p<0.01).Further food adequacy and nutritional diversity was found to have a positive correlation of (r=0.26; n=171; p<0.01).while there was an absence of any significant relationship between social protection systems and number of meals per day. A statistical significant and moderate, positive relationship between social protection systems and family care (r=0.36, n=171, p<0.01) was found to exist which implied that strong family care was associated with more social protection systems. Taking care of the well-being of children is a fundamental human right that the policy makers including caregivers should be involved in Organized social protection systems should therefore be encouraged and adequately funded for the realization of Orphans and Vulnerable Children well-being.