The general objectives of this study are to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to child poverty and then quantify inequalities in child welfare for Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, and Togo. Our methodology is based on the multidimensional poverty approach, with the results showing that the following factors explain child poverty in these countries: access to vitamin A; use of iodized salt; breastfeeding; vaccinations against polio, diphtheria, measles, and yellow fever; and the prevalence of illnesses such as diarrhea, bronchitis, fevers, and other respiratory ailments. An absolute child poverty line is defined in order to determine the number of children living in poverty, with the results suggesting that 19.4% of children in Togo, 21.1% in Côte d’Ivoire, 29.0% in Guinea-Bissau and 49.7% of children in Niger live in poverty.