We study two ‘hidden’ forms of child labour -- housework and family business work -- on thebasis of representative data on 178,000 children living in 214 districts in 16 African and Asiancountries. The incidence of these child labour forms varies substantially among and within thecountries, with national averages ranging from a few to over 15 hours a week and manychildren work much more. As expected, girls are more involved in housework and boys morein family business work, but this division is not very strict. Most (70-80%) of the variation inboth child labour forms is due to household level factors, with socio-economic variables (likeparental education, possession of land/cattle) and demographic variables (birth order, numberof siblings, missing parents, grandparents present) playing important roles. Supply of education(indicated by adult schooling level) and national level of development (for housework) are themost important context factors.