The notion that fertility decisions may be related to landholding in agricultural areas of the developing world is long established but there is widespread disagreementon its importance and even its existence. Very little has been done to rectify the situation in recent years. Within this paper the relevant literature is studied and we draw the conclusion that the reason for a lack of consensus is simply that there is no conclusive evidence on either side of the argument. In light of this we attempt to provide some relevant evidence using survey data from Nepal. We believe that our method avoids the majority of problems that have beset earlier attempts.