National Survey for Persons with Disabilities 2007

While the survey intended to estimate the number of PWDs, it was realized that a significant proportion of these individuals reside in institutions, which are not part of the household sampling frame. However, a comprehensive list of institutions that existed did not form sufficient sampling frame for estimation of numbers of institution-based PWDs for the entire country. A mechanism had to be devised for incorporating these persons into the survey to supplement the data derived from the household-based survey.

The targeted survey population for the institutional based survey was defined as all people living in homes and occupying long-stay beds in public or private hospitals; or living in long-stay residential units for people with an intellectual, psychiatric/physical disability, vision or hearing impairments, or with multiple disabilities. The following types of institutions were covered:
· Hospitals (acute care, chronic care hospitals, nursing homes)
· Psychiatric institutions
· Treatment centres for persons with physical disabilities
· Residential special schools
· Private and non-private group homes
· Private and non-private children's homes
· Orphanages
· Private and non-private residences for senior citizens (Mji wa wazee)
· Other residential institutions with people with disabilities

The sampling frame compiled for the institutional survey comprised all institutions indicated above. The frame included the name of the institution, type, number of individuals, location and type of disability. The frame was compiled from various sources, including MOH, MOEST, MSGSS and various organizations dealing with disabilities, among others.

In order to achieve representation, the institutions were first stratified according to location (provinces) and then by nature of disability. The institutions were further classified into two broad categories depending on nature and size (number of PWDs). All key institutions were sampled with certainty (that is, all selected in the sample). The remaining institutions within a province were arranged and serially listed by disability type and a systematic random sampling procedure used to select the sample.

A sample size of 102 institutions catering for different population sizes of PWDs was covered. Once the institutions were sampled, the next exercise involved selection of individuals for the survey. Five bands were created depending on the size of the sampled institution. The bands were: less than or equal to 30; 31-50; 51-100; 101-200; and above 200. A listing of all residents was compiled during the day of the interview and a systematic random sample drawn. Five respondents were selected from each of the sampled institutions with up to 30 PWDs, eight from those having 31-50, and ten from those having 51-100. For institutions having 100-200 PWDs, 15 were chosen, and from those having 201 and above, 20.

The KNSPWD household sample was constructed to allow for estimation of key indicators at the provincial level as well as of the urban and rural components separately. The survey utilized a multi-stage cluster sample design and was based on a master sample frame developed and maintained by KNBS. The master sampling frame is the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP) IV. It has 1,800 clusters (data collection area points) that were developed with probability proportional to size (PPS) from the enumeration areas (EAs) delineated during the 1999 Kenya Population and Housing Census. Of the 1,800 clusters, 1,260 are rural based and the other 540 are located in urban areas.

In the frame, the first stage involved selecting the census EAs using PPS and developing them into clusters. The process involved quick counting of the selected EA and dividing into segments depending on the measure of size (MOS). The MOS was defined as an average of 100 households, with lower and upper bounds of 50 and 149 households, respectively. The EAs that were segmented had only one segment selected randomly to form a cluster. The EAs that had fewer than 50 households were merged prior to the selection process.
During the creation of NASSEP IV, other than each of the 69 districts being a stratum, the six major urban areas (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru, Eldoret and Thika) were further stratified into five income classes: upper, lower upper, middle, lower middle and lower. The aim was to ensure that different social classes within these areas were well represented in any time sample that was drawn.

The second sampling stage involved selecting clusters for the KNSPWD from all the clusters in the NASSEP IV master sampling frame. A total of 600 clusters (436 rural and 164 urban) was sampled from all the districts in the country with boundaries as defined in the 1999 Kenya population and housing census. The third stage of selection involved systematically sampling 25 households from each cluster, hence producing 15,000 households in total.

Mt. Elgon district was excluded from the survey because of persistent insecurity in the area. The effect of exclusion of the district in the sample is minimal since it contributes 0.5% of the population according to 1999 census.