Household Expenditure Survey 2009-2010
Malaysia, 2009 - 2010
Identification
MYS_2009_HES_v01_M
Household Expenditure Survey 2009-2010
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Malaysia | MYS |
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
The Household Expenditure Survey (HES) was first conducted by Department of Statistics, Malaysia in the year 1957/58 and was known as the Household Budget Survey of the Federation of Malaya. This survey covered Peninsular Malaysia only. The survey was also conducted in Sarawak in the year 1967/68 and was known as the Family Budget Survey while in Sabah it was carried out in 1968/69.
In 1973, HES was conducted for the first time at Malaysia level. Subsequently, the surveys were undertaken separately that is 1980 in Peninsular Malaysia followed by Sabah and Sarawak respectively in 1982. Since 1993/94 onwards the HES was carried out concurrently nation-wide at an interval of five years. Four surveys were conducted that is in 1998/99, 2004/05, and the most recent in 2009/10.
Household Expenditure Survey 2009/10 was used to compile information on the level and patterns of consumption expenditure of private households. It was also used to update the weighting patterns and to determine the items in the basket of goods and services for the compilation of the Consumer Price Index for Malaysia.
The objectives of HES are to:
- gather information on the level and pattern of consumption expenditure by household on a comprehensive range of goods and services;
- determine the goods and services to be included in the basket of the Consumer Price Index (CPI);
- update the CPI weights which is a measure of inflation rate in the country.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Households
- Individuals
Scope
The survey covered the following topics:
- Social demographic characteristics of the individual such as relationship, sex, age, marital status, month and year of birth, highest level of formal education, employment status, occupation and income
- Household characteristics such as household composition, number of household members, number of income recipients, ownership and type of house
- Household income by source of income
- Household expenditure which comprised consumption and non-consumption expenditure
Coverage
The survey covered both urban and rural areas in Malaysia except the Orang Asli Enumeration Block (EBs) in Peninsular Malaysia. Usually the EBs that lie in the interior areas are not included in the sampling frames. However, for the latest HES, the Department had expanded its coverage to include these EBs.
The survey only covered households staying in private living quarters (LQ). The institutional households, that is, those living in hostels, hotels, hospitals, old folks homes, military and police barracks, prisons, welfare homes and other institutions were excluded from the coverage of the survey.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Department of Statistics | Government of Malaysia |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of Malaysia | Funded the study |
Sampling
Sampling Frame
The frame for HES 2009/10 sample selection was based on the National Household Sampling Frame (NHSF) which was made up of EBs created for the 2000 Population and Housing Census. EBs are geographically contiguous areas of land with identifiable boundaries. On average, each EB contains about 80-120 LQs. Generally, all EBs are formed within gazetted boundaries, i.e. within administrative district, mukim or local authority areas.
The EBs in the sampling frame were also classified by urban and rural areas. Urban areas were as defined in the 2000 Population and Housing Census. Urban areas are gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up areas which has a combined population of 10,000 or more at the time of 2000 Population and Housing Census. All other gazetted areas with a population of less than 10,000 persons and non-gazetted areas are classified as rural. Built-up areas are defined as areas contiguous to a gazetted area and has at least 60 per cent of their population (aged 10 years and over) engaged in non-agricultural activities as well as having modern toilet facilities in their housing units.
Urbanisation is a dynamic process and keeps changing in line with progress and development. Thus, urban areas for the 1991 and 2000 censuses may not necessarily refer to the same areas, as these urban areas continue to increase and grow over time.
The classification of areas by stratum is as follows:
<pre>Stratum Number of Population
(a) Metropolitan 75,000 and over
(b) Urban Large 10,000 to 74,999
(c) Urban Small 1,000 to 9,999
(d) Rural All other areas</pre>
For sampling purposes, the above broad classification was found to be adequate for all states and W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan. However, for Sabah and Sarawak, due to inaccessibility, the rural stratum had to be further stratified based on the time taken to reach the area from the nearest urban centre.
For purposes of tabulation by urban and rural, the strata were combined as follows:
Metropolitan + urban large = Urban
Urban small + all rural = Rural
Sampling Design
A two-stage stratified sampling design was adopted and the level of stratification is as follows:
Primary stratum - made up of the states in Malaysia, including W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan.
Secondary stratum - made up of selected towns, others towns and rural stratum formed within the primary stratum.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2009-04 | 2010-03 | 12 months |
Once in 5 years
Method of Data Collection
The direct personal interview approach was adopted whereby trained interviewers were assigned to visit the selected households every alternate day. Each household was given a daily record book to record all expenses made on goods and services for a period of one month. Expenditure on durables, semi durables and some selected items were covered for the reference period of 12 months including the survey month.
The household was required to record all private consumption expenditures incurred by every household member on the day of purchase. For items transacted on credit terms, the amount spent is recorded on the day they were acquired. In cases where goods were taken from the household?s own shop or farm, the imputed current market price was recorded as expenditure.
Quality field checks were undertaken to identify and correct any errors or omissions at the time the survey was conducted. In addition, repeat interviews on selected households were made to check the quality of the field work.
Reference Period
-
The Household Expenditure Survey 2009/10 was carried out for a period of 12 months, beginning April 2009 to March 2010. This was to ensure that seasonal variations in expenditure such as festivals and beginning of school terms were taken into consideration. Different samples were canvassed for each survey month.
-
Household expenditure data were collected over two reference periods. The period of one month referred to the daily expenditure incurred by the household from the first until the last day of the month. As for infrequent expenditure items such as consumer durables, semi-durables and selected items, the reference period covered the past 12 months inclusive of the survey month.
Data appraisal
Data obtained from surveys or research based on probability sample may encounter two types of errors, i.e. sampling and non-sampling errors.
Sampling Error
Sampling error is a result of estimating data based on probability sampling, not on census. Statistically, these errors are referred to as Relative Standard Errors, denoted by RSE and expressed in percentage. This error is an indication of the precision of the parameter under study. In other words, it reflects the extent of variation as compared with other sample-based estimates.
For HES 2009/10, the average monthly household expenditure for Malaysia is RM2,190 with RSE 1.2 per cent. In absolute terms, the standard error (SE) is approximately RM26. With the assumption that the average monthly household expenditure is normally distributed, the confidence interval for the estimated average monthly household expenditure can be calculated. Based on a 95 percent confidence level (alpha=0.05), the average monthly household expenditure was found to be in the range of RM2,139-RM2,241 per month.
Non-sampling Error
To ensure high quality data, several steps were taken to minimise non-sampling errors. Unlike sampling errors, these errors cannot be measured and can only be overcome through several administrative procedures. These errors may arise as a result of incomplete survey coverage, weakness in the frame, feedback errors, non-response errors, errors during data processing such as editing, coding and data capture.
Response errors are likely to occur due to differences and difficulties in interpreting the questions, be it on the part of the enumerators or respondents. To minimise these errors, intensive trainings were conducted for the enumerators as well as for the supervisors. In addition, random checks were carried out on households that were already canvassed by the enumerators to verify the validity of the information recorded. To ensure the completeness of the survey coverage, the sampling frame is frequently updated and the LQs were selected after the completion of EB listing exercise.
For HES 2009/10, there were no substitution for non-response cases, such as refusal to co-operate or no one at home. The calculation of weights was based on actual responses. In order to obtain respondents' co-operation, a wide scale publicity of the survey was launched through the electronic and print media. To reduce the editing and processing errors, several consistency checks were created, either manually or computer aided, to ensure the quality and reliability of data.
Data Access
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Statistics, Malaysia | Government of Malaysia | jpbkkp@stats.gov.my | http://www.statistics.gov.my |
| Prices, Income and Expenditure Statistics Division | Department of Statistics, Malaysia | kamarudin@stats.gov.my | http://www.statistics.gov.my |
Metadata production
DDI_MYS_2009_HES_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | The World Bank | Metadata preparation |
2014-11-26
Metadata version
Version 01 (November 2014)