Agricultural Sample Survey 1998-1999 (1991 E.C)
Ethiopia, 1998 - 1999
Identification
ETH_1998_AgSS_v01_M
Agricultural Sample Survey 1998-1999 (1991 E.C)
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Agriculture is the major contributor to the Ethiopian economy. A majority of the Ethiopian populations are engaged in agriculture to earn their livelihood and most of the nation's exports are made up of agriculture produces. The collection of reliable, comprehensive and timely data on agriculture is, thus, essential for policy formulation, decision making and other uses. In this regard the Central Statistical Agency(CSA) has exerted effort to provide users and policy makers with reliable and timely agriculture data.
The general objectives of CSA's annual Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) is to collect basic quantitative information on the country's agriculture that is considered essential for development planning, socio-economic policy formulation, food assistance, etc.
The specific objectives of the Main (“Meher”) season area and production survey are:
- To estimate the total cultivated land area, production and yield per hectare of major crops (temporary).
- To estimate the total farm inputs applied area and quantity of inputs applied by type for major temporary and permanent crops.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Agricultural household/ Holder/ Crop
Scope
The scope of annual Agricultural Sample Survey includes:
- Area identification and characteristics of agricultural holder's. This included household's geographic locations, holder's age, holder's sex and educational status.
- List of fields and agricultural practices for pure stand and mixed crops.
- List of permanent crops and number of tress.
- Records of quantity of improved seed, fertilizers and information on crop protection.
- Records of results of area measurements.
- List and selection of fields for crop cutting and details of record of crop cutting.
Coverage
The survey covered all sedentary rural agricultural population in all regions of the country except urban and nomadic areas which were not included in the survey.
Agricultural households
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Authority | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
| Name |
|---|
| Government of Ethiopia |
Sampling
The 1998-1999 (1991 E.C) Main ("Mehere") season agricultural survey covered the rural part of the country except two zones in Afar region and six zones in Somalie region that are predominantly nomadic. A two-stage stratified sample design was used to select the sample EAs and the agricultural households. Each zone/ special wereda in the sampled population of Tigray, Afar, Amhara, Oromiya, Somalie, Benishangul_Gumuz, SNNP regions was adopted as stratum for which major finings of the survey are reported. But each of the four regions, namely; Gambela, Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa were considered as reporting levels. The primary sampling units (PSUs) were enumeration areas (EAs) and agricultural households were the secondary sampling units. The survey questionnaires were administered to all agricultural holders within the sample households. A fixed number of sample EAs was determined fro each stratum/reporting level based on precision of major estimates and cost considerations. Within each stratum EAs were selected using probability proportional to size; size being total number of households in the EAs as obtained form the 1994 population and housing census. From each sample EA, 25 agricultural households were systematically selected for the 'Meher" season survey from a fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the fieldwork of the survey.
A total of 1,450 EAs (2.9 % of total EAs in the rural areas of the country) were selected for the survey. However, 22 EAs were not covered by the survey due to various reasons that are beyond the control of the Agency. Thus, the survey succeeded in covering 1428 (98.48%) EAs. With respect to ultimate sampling units, it was planned to cover a total of 36,250 agricultural households for area measurement and 21,750 agricultural households for crop cutting (see Appendix III in the report which is provided as external resource). The response rate was found to be 98.94 % for area measurement and 95.50 % for crop cutting.
Survey instrument
The 1998-1999 annual Agricultural Sample Survey used structured questionnaires to collect agricultural information from selected sample households.
List of forms in the questionnaire:
- AgSS Form 91/0: Used to list all agricultural households and holders in the sample enumeration areas.
- AgSS Form 91/1: Used to list selected households and agricultural holders in the sample enumeration areas.
- AgSS Form 91/2: Used to collect information about crop condition.
- AgSS Form 91/3A: Used to list fields and agricultural practices only pure stand temporary and permanent crops, list of fields and agricultural practices for mixed crops, other land use, quantity of improved and local seeds by type of crop and type and quantity of crop protection chemicals.
- AgSS Form 91/3B: Used to collect information about quantity of production of crops.
- AgSS Form 91/4A: Used to collect information about results of area measurement and field area measurement.
- AgSS Form 91/4B: Used to collect information about results of area measurement and field area measurement.
- AgSS Form 91/5: Used to list fields for selecting fields for crop cuttings and collect information about details of crop cutting.
- AgSS Form 91/6: Used to collect information about cattle by sex, age and purpose.
Note: The questionnaires are provided as external resource.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1998 | 1999 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Authority | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Field Organization:
CSA branch statistical office heads, field supervisors and enumerators, other support staffs and drivers were all involved in the conduct of the AgSS area and production survey data collection effort. To accomplish the data collection all field enumerators were equipped with the necessary survey equipment (i.e. compass, protractor, ruler, measuring tape, balance scale, poles, ropes, sample and bags) at the completion of training. To assist with the field work and data collection activities all available four-wheel drive vehicles were used for supervision and collection of completed questionnaires.
Training of Field Staff:
The field staff training program was carried out in two stages. The first-stage consisted of trainees from the head office, branch statistical office heads and some of the field supervisors being given training for one week at CSA's headquarters complex in Addis Ababa. Many of those trained in the first-stage conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for 10 days in all of CSA's 15 branch offices which were distributed around the country. During this second-stage training, the field staffs given detailed classroom instruction on the objectives and uses of the AgSS, concepts and definitions of terms used, the method of area measurement, method of crop cutting, as well as correct interviewing procedures, …etc. The enumerators' training also included a field practice to reinforce the concepts discussed in the classroom with regard to field measurement and crop cutting data collection.
Method of Data Collection:
Data for the AgSS area and production survey were recorded on questionnires using both subjective and objective enumeration methods. Information on agricultural practices (application of fertilizer, pesticide, use of improved seeds and irrigation) were collected subjectively by interviewing the holders located in each sampled household. The objective measurement procedures for area measurements were carried out for the 25 selected households form each sampled EA. This required that all separate fields by land area utilization be physically measured using compass and measuring tape. In addition, for all fields under temporary crops of each holder of the last 15 sampled households, each was classified by type of crop and for selected major crops a field was randomly selected for each crop for crop cutting to be performed. Crop cutting procedures consist of demarcation of a sixteen meter square plot randomly located in the selected field for which the crop in the field is to be harvested. Following the field enumerator's harvest of the crop cutting plot and threshing, the crop was stored in bags with identification information (i.e. name of the crop, holder number, and parcel and field number). The crop placed in the bag was weighed immediately (green weight) after threshing, and weight again after two weeks of drying to simulate normal holder harvesting and drying practices. The green and dry weights were recorded on the respective questionnaire.
Data processing
Editing, Coding and Verification:
In order to insure the quality of collected survey data an editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared and fifty editors/coders and ten verifiers were trained for two days to edit, code and verify the data using the aforementioned manual as a reference and teaching aid. The filled-in questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified by supervisors on a 100% basis before the questionnaires were sent to the data processing unit for data entry. The editing, coding and verification of all questionnaires was completed in fourty days.
Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
Before starting data entry professional staffs of Agricultural Statistics Department of Central Statistical Authority prepared edit specification that used to developed data entry and cleaning computer programs by data processing staffs using Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS). The edited and coded questionnaires were captured into computers and later cleaned using cleaning program that was developed for this purpose earlier. Fifty data encoders were involved in this process and it took thirty-five days to complete the job. Finally, using tabulations format provided by the subject matter specialist computer program was developed and survey results were produced accordingly.
Data appraisal
Estimation procedures of parameters of interest (total and ratio) and their sampling error is presented in Appendix II of the 1998-1999 annual Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume I report which is provided in this documentation.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | http://www.csa.gov.et | csa@csa.gov.et |
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) is committed to achieving excellence in the provision of timely, reliable and affordable official statistics for informed decision making in order to maximize the welfare of all Ethiopians. This is achieved through the collection and analysis of censuses, surveys and the use of administrative data as well as the dissemination a range of statistical products and providing assistance and services to users.
A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (http://www.csa.gov.et).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents.
The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research, It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and
The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA.
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA.
No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA.
The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget.
At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (http://www.csa.gov.et )
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Adminstrator | Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Data@csa.gov.et | http://www.csa.gov.et |
Metadata production
DDI_ETH_1998_AgSS_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Production of metadata |
| International Household Survey Network | Review of the metadata |
1999-05-01
Metadata version
Version 02: Adopted from DDI (DDI-ETH-CSA-AgSS-1998-v1.1) that was done by Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia.