National Population and Housing Census 1978 - IPUMS Subset
Poland, 1978
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Reference ID
POL_1978_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
Central Statistical Office, IPUMS
Metadata
Created on
Sep 03, 2025
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
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2965
- Data files
- POL1978_PHC-H-H
- POL1978_PHC-P-H
Occupation (PL1978A_OCC)
Data file: POL1978_PHC-P-H
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Start:
152
End:
154
Width:
3
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
<span class="em">17 to 20 - Main employment</span>
<br />[Questions 17-20 were asked of the respondent's main employment.]</p>
<p>20. Write in the name of working post describing precisely type of performed activities or duties ____
<br />[Questions 17-20 were asked of the respondent's main employment.]</p>
<p>20. Write in the name of working post describing precisely type of performed activities or duties ____
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 001 | Leaders of political parties and groups, central and regional administration, key cooperative organizations |
| 002 | Leaders of internal organizational units in central and regional administration, as well as in key cooperative organizations |
| 003 | Directors of associations and units alike, both national and cooperative |
| 004 | Leaders of internal organizational units in primary associations and units alike, both national and cooperative |
| 005 | Directors (chairmen) of combinats, companies, factories, construction firms, and urban economy units |
| 006 | Directors (managers) of offices and workshops having equal status to construction-oriented and technological enterprises |
| 007 | Managers of factories, manufactories, and branches being parts of combinats (companies and cooperatives) |
| 008 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary companies, factories, construction firms, and urban economy units |
| 009 | Directors (managers) of combinats, companies, agricultural establishments, production cooperatives, and group farms |
| 010 | Directors (managers) of companies and agriculture servicing establishments, machinery centers, and agricultural stations |
| 011 | Managers of veterinary establishments and managers alike |
| 012 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary agricultural companies and factories, as well as in horticulture and breeding-oriented establishments |
| 013 | Directors of local state forest, national park, and nature reserve boards, chief foresters |
| 014 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary forestry-related companies, establishments, and offices |
| 015 | Directors of local and regional Polish State Railways units, as well as automobile, airway, waterway, inland, and maritime transportation firms |
| 016 | Directors and heads of branches, boards, non-directional offices and transportation-oriented units alike |
| 017 | Managers (heads, leaders, captains) of executive and auxiliary units in transportation |
| 018 | Directors (managers) of radio and TV stations, as well as units alike |
| 019 | Directors (heads) of postal and telecommunication-oriented offices, telecommunication-related supervisory managers |
| 020 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary transportation and communication-oriented establishments |
| 021 | Directors (managers) of companies and industry-related offices in international commerce, exchange, and units alike |
| 022 | Directors (presidents) of national and cooperative internal commerce companies and department stores |
| 023 | Managers of wholesale stores, storage areas, agencies, sub-wholesale stores, warehouses, and establishments alike |
| 024 | Managers of shops and other retail commerce-oriented establishments |
| 025 | Managers of restaurants, bars, buffets, cantinas, and establishments alike |
| 026 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary international and national commerce, as well as in gastronomy |
| 027 | Rectors, deans, directors of educational units, academic secretaries |
| 028 | Supervisors of professional chairs, offices, workshops, and laboratories in tertiary education units and research facilities |
| 029 | Principals (except of those of tertiary education units), managers of vocational education units |
| 030 | Principals (managers) of special educational units, dormitories, hostels, and clubrooms |
| 031 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary and secondary education |
| 032 | Directors (managers) of theaters, operas, philharmonics, ballet centers, operettas, revues, circuses |
| 033 | Directors (managers) of libraries, archives, reading rooms, as well as technical and educational information centers |
| 034 | Directors of museums, artistic exhibitions, monument protection institutions, art protection institutions |
| 035 | Directors (managers) of film studios, movie distribution institutions, and units alike |
| 036 | Directors (managers) of culture centers, clubs for adults, cinemas, and units alike |
| 037 | Directors (managers) of radio and TV editing units |
| 038 | Directors (chairs) of publishing houses, editors-in-chief, and directors alike |
| 039 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary culture and arts institutions |
| 040 | Directors of healthcare units, clinics, general and specialized hospitals, as well as health resorts |
| 041 | Directors (managers) of outpatient clinics, blood donation centers, emergency ambulance services, health centers, heads of hospitals |
| 042 | Divisional nurses, matrons, ward nurses |
| 043 | Managers of drug stores and units alike |
| 044 | Directors of central sanitary and epidemiological units, sanitary centers, and units alike |
| 045 | Directors of social welfare units and establishment, managers of preventive treatment centers, small children houses, and nurseries |
| 046 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary sanitary and epidemiological units, blood donation centers, and dissecting rooms |
| 047 | Heads and directors (managers) of physical education, sports, and recreation promotion units |
| 048 | Directors (managers) of hotels, holiday resorts, artists retreats |
| 049 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary physical education, tourism, and recreation units |
| 050 | Chairs and vice-chairs of courts, labor and social security courts, local arbitration commissions, local and regional prosecutors |
| 051 | Managers of notarial offices, lawyer associations, and units alike |
| 052 | Managers of internal organizational units in judiciary establishments |
| 053 | Directors (chairs, managers) of banks and their branches, as well as insurance offices and inspectorates |
| 054 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary financial and insurance-related establishments |
| 055 | Directors (managers) of IT companies and centers |
| 056 | Managers of internal organizational units in primary mechanical and automatic data processing establishments |
| 057 | Managers of units not classified in other groups |
| 058 | Economic, supply and sales deputy heads (deputy managers) |
| 059 | Human resources deputy heads (deputy managers) |
| 060 | Administrative deputy heads (deputy managers) |
| 061 | Main accountants |
| 062 | Managers of internal organizational units: technical, investment, energetics, renovation, conservation, and work safety |
| 063 | Managers of internal organizational units: economic, organizational and legal, supply and sales, financial and accounting, as well as work organization |
| 064 | Managers of internal organizational units in employment servicing |
| 065 | Managers of internal organizational units in administration and economy, storage management, transportation, and office management |
| 066 | Masters |
| 067 | Managers of public servicing companies (departments) |
| 068 | Commanding officers, inspectors, commissioners, and sub-commissioners of industrial, forestry, and railroad firefighting units |
| 069 | Firefighting establishments commanding officers and individuals alike |
| 070 | Commanders, chiefs of Staff, and commissioners of self-defense units and units alike |
| 071 | Political and social activities professionals |
| 072 | Consular technical, economic, commercial attaches and individuals alike |
| 073 | Experts, consular agents, and individuals alike |
| 074 | Advisors and councilors of secretaries, chairs, leaders in ministries, and central offices |
| 075 | Experts, councilors, inspectors, and individuals alike in ministries, central offices, and chief cooperative associations |
| 076 | Provincial, municipal, local, and regional inspectors |
| 077 | Builders, technologists, urban planners, architects, designers, and individuals alike |
| 078 | Technical experts (mechanics, electricians, electronic engineers, metal processing experts, power engineers) |
| 079 | Supervisors (technical, constructional, production, etc.), investment advisers, coordinators of rescue operations |
| 080 | Technicians and lab assistants |
| 081 | Quality control inspectors, technical control experts, and individuals alike |
| 082 | Company, shift, mining dispatchers and individuals alike (except transportation dispatchers) |
| 083 | Work safety instructors, inspectors, and appraisers |
| 084 | Work control experts and individuals alike |
| 085 | Inspectors, rationalization inspectors, technical development advisors, patent experts, and individuals alike |
| 086 | Draftsmen, drawers, and individuals alike |
| 087 | Agronomists, mechanization advisers, specialists in agricultural reclamation, plantation instructors, plant protection advisors, zoo technicians |
| 088 | Veterinarians |
| 089 | Veterinary technicians, inspectors, controllers, and individuals alike |
| 090 | Chief foresters, foresters, forestry adjuncts, and individuals alike |
| 091 | Inspectors and other forestry experts |
| 092 | Traffic orderly in railroad transportation |
| 093 | Dispatchers in railroad, automobile, airway and waterway transportation |
| 094 | Inspectors, controllers, auditors, and individuals alike in railroad, automobile, airway and waterway transportation |
| 095 | Railroad assessors, national railroads adjuncts, train drivers, and individuals alike |
| 096 | Pilots, on-board mechanics, airway navigators, and individuals alike |
| 097 | Merchant navy and maritime fishing officers, harbor, maritime, and dockyard pilots |
| 098 | Postal offices, telecommunication units, as well as radio communication data forwarding dispatchers, auditors, inspectors, and individuals alike |
| 099 | Supply and sales, exchange, as well as market analysis inspectors and instructors |
| 100 | Technologists, general nutrition instructors, and individuals alike |
| 101 | Professors, associate professors, docents (not serving any managerial roles) |
| 102 | Adjuncts, assistants, lecturers, lectors, and individuals alike |
| 103 | Auditors, general and vocational schooling inspectors, pedagogics and education inspectors, as well as individuals alike |
| 104 | Teachers (except academic tutors), training course lecturers |
| 105 | Teachers in kindergartens, educators in educational care facilities, correctional units, and hostels |
| 106 | Vocational, training, practical education and driving instructors, as well as individuals alike |
| 107 | Directors, set adjusters, choreographers, musical directors, literary advisors, conductors |
| 108 | Actors, singers, dancers, musicians, whisperers, announcers, their assistants, and individuals alike |
| 109 | Circus performers, magicians, and individuals alike |
| 110 | Organizers and realizers of events and audience, stagehands, disc jockeys, and individuals alike |
| 111 | Visual artists, graphics, painters, decorators, prop managers, sketcher, and individuals alike |
| 112 | Custodians library, archives and museum adjuncts, librarians, documentation experts |
| 113 | Artistic exhibition, as well as culture and education inspectors and instructors, individuals alike |
| 114 | Emission inspectors, production workers, RTV program editor, movie, sound, camera, and image production workers |
| 115 | Journalists, redactors, speakers, commentators, lectors, press correspondents, photojournalists |
| 116 | Writers and individual alike |
| 117 | Consecutive, text, and sworn translators |
| 118 | Practitioners (senior assistants, assistants, junior assistants) and trainees |
| 119 | Dentists (senior assistants, assistants, junior assistants) |
| 120 | Pharmacists (senior assistants, assistants, junior assistants) |
| 121 | Medical certification, pharmaceutical, sanitary and epidemiology inspectors, hygiene instructors, and individuals alike |
| 122 | Military surgeons, nurses, midwives, caretakers, hygienists, masseurs, and individuals alike |
| 123 | Medical, dentistry, pharmaceutical, apothecary, and orthopedic technicians, lab assistants, nutritionists |
| 124 | Tourism instructors, tour guides, coaches, movement-based rehabilitation instructors |
| 125 | Receptionists, dispatchers, booking supervisors, floor managers in hotels |
| 126 | Judges, assessors, legal apprentices, court auditors |
| 127 | Prosecutors, vice-prosecutors, sub-prosecutors, prosecution assessors, prosecution apprentices |
| 128 | Notaries, notary assessors and apprentices, notary auditors, and individuals alike |
| 129 | Lawyers, law firm apprentices, legal advisors, arbitration experts, arbitration auditors |
| 130 | Bailiffs and professional probation officers |
| 131 | Accountants, controllers, inspectors, instructors, auditors |
| 132 | Bank branch treasurers and individuals alike, financing and accounting experts, material insurance professionals |
| 133 | Analysts, data processing system engineers, compilation controllers |
| 134 | Protectants, programmers and individuals alike in mechanical and automatic data processing |
| 135 | Organization and management experts, as well as individuals alike |
| 136 | Economy, planning, and statistics experts, as well as individuals alike |
| 137 | Administration and materials management experts, as well as individuals alike |
| 138 | Employment, salaries, human resources, training, social, and personal development experts |
| 139 | Sociologists and psychologists |
| 140 | General inspectors, railroad protection, industry, forestry, and defense officers and inspectors |
| 141 | Inspectors, evaluators, fire protection officers, and individuals alike |
| 142 | Customs officials |
| 143 | Not specified experts |
| 144 | Technical, production, organization, work control, work safety, investment, and transportation reporters |
| 145 | Administration, archiving, culture and education, printing, and publishing reporters, as well as individuals alike |
| 146 | Finance, accounting, material insurances, social, commercial, commerce and sales reporters |
| 147 | Planning, economy, management, statistics, employment, salary, human resources, and social management reporters |
| 148 | Operators of electronic data processing and calculating or analyzing devices, input and output controllers |
| 149 | Secretaries, stenographers, registrants, scribes, cart index managers, office correspondents, and individuals alike |
| 150 | Invoicing managers, actuaries, accounting and invoicing machines operators, as well as individuals alike |
| 151 | Cashiers, post office assistants, calculators, liquidators, collectors, treasurers, paymasters |
| 152 | Building administrators, intendants, chief stewards, and individuals alike |
| 153 | Shipping agents, warehousemen, goods dispatchers, and individuals alike |
| 154 | Unspecified technical position |
| 155 | Miners, mining drillers, quarrymen, and individuals alike |
| 156 | Engine drivers, mining machinery operators, and individuals alike |
| 157 | Oil and gas extraction machinery operators and individuals alike |
| 158 | Mining experts not classified in other groups |
| 159 | Pipe formers and individuals alike |
| 160 | Formers, core makers, casters, founders, and individuals alike |
| 161 | Metal hardeners, blacksmiths, and individuals alike |
| 162 | Fritting experts, ore smelters, and individuals alike |
| 163 | Metal production experts not classified in other groups |
| 164 | Panel beaters, tracers, benders, coppersmiths, and individuals alike |
| 165 | Slotting machine operators, milling machine operators, grinders, metal polishers, drillers, and individuals alike |
| 166 | Welders, brazing experts, riveters |
| 167 | Galvanizers, metal coaters, metal processors, varnish appliers, and individuals alike |
| 168 | Turners and individuals alike |
| 169 | Metal processing experts not classified in other groups |
| 170 | Fixed machinery operators and individuals alike |
| 171 | Machinery and device mechanics (except precision machinery), repairmen, and machine adjusters |
| 172 | Machinery and device assemblers (except precision machinery) |
| 173 | Machine and device operators in metal production and individuals alike |
| 174 | Stokers, greasers, and individuals alike |
| 175 | Precision mechanics and assemblers, opticians, and individuals alike |
| 176 | Jewelers, goldsmiths, gemstone and semi-gem polishers, metal formers |
| 177 | Electro power engineers (except fixed machinery) |
| 178 | Electro mechanics and electro assemblers of apparatuses, installations, and electric or electronic devices |
| 179 | Electro assemblers and assemblers of power and telecommunication lines |
| 180 | Machinery installations, apparatuses, and devices assemblers, machine and device operators in electric and technical production |
| 181 | Tele-transmission, telecommunication, and tele-commutation devices assemblers |
| 182 | Chemical processes operators, chemical fibers production operators, and individuals alike |
| 183 | Paper, rubber, and plastics production experts |
| 184 | Machine and device operators in cellulose and paper production |
| 185 | Stokers and coppersmiths in chemical production and individuals alike |
| 186 | Chemical production and alike experts not classified in other groups |
| 187 | Construction materials, ceramics, and glass production operators (operators, hardeners, dryers, stokers) |
| 188 | Ceramic, gypsum, silicate, and glass product formers, modelers, ceramic product casters |
| 189 | Glass and ceramics decorators, painters, and individuals alike |
| 190 | Machine and device operators in production of construction materials and fireproof products |
| 191 | Workers in production of construction materials, glass, and ceramics not specified in other groups |
| 192 | Coopers, carpenters, cartwrights, shipwrights |
| 193 | Machine and device operators in wood, cork, and match products processing, as well as individuals alike |
| 194 | Jointers and individuals alike |
| 195 | Turners, frasiers, tracers, wood polishers, modelers, and individuals alike |
| 196 | Basket and rim makers, as well as individuals alike |
| 197 | Workers in wood processing and production not specified in other groups |
| 198 | Fabric preparation experts, yarn makers, yarn ordering workers, and individuals alike |
| 199 | Weaving machinery operators, weavers, warping experts, knitters, and individuals alike |
| 200 | Bleachers, dyers, fabric finishers, and individuals alike |
| 201 | Workers in fabric production not specified in other groups |
| 202 | Tailors, cutters, and individuals alike |
| 203 | Furriers |
| 204 | Hatters and milliners |
| 205 | Underwear makers and individuals alike |
| 206 | Embroiderers, basket workers, tassel makers, and individuals alike |
| 207 | Upholsterers and individuals alike |
| 208 | Workers in clothing production not specified in other groups |
| 209 | Tanners, tanning machinery operators and individuals alike |
| 210 | Shoemakers and individuals alike (shank makers, shoemakers, shoemaking machinery operators) |
| 211 | Purse makers and saddlers |
| 212 | Workers in haberdashery, leather, and materials alike production not specified in other groups |
| 213 | Sugar production operators and individuals alike |
| 214 | Machine and device operators in production of potato, dextrose, and starch production, as well as individuals alike |
| 215 | Alcoholic beverages, beer, and wine production operators, brewers, and individuals alike |
| 216 | Machine and device operators in production of canned, smoked, and salted products, as well as individuals alike |
| 217 | Machine and device operators in production of processed meat, butchers, as well as individuals alike |
| 218 | Machine and device operators in production of egg and meat-based products, quality controllers, as well as individuals alike |
| 219 | Milk, butter, and whey production operators, as well as individuals alike |
| 220 | Fruit and vegetable production operators, pressure controllers, separators, as well as individuals alike |
| 221 | Machine and device operators in production of processed dairy products, millers, granary supervisors, as well as individuals alike |
| 222 | Machine and device operators in production of baked products, bakers, as well as individuals alike |
| 223 | Machine and device operators in production of sweets, chocolate and caramel makers, as well as individuals alike |
| 224 | Machine and device operators in production of tobacco-based products, as well as individuals alike |
| 225 | Machine and device operators in product utilization, fodder production, aggregate supervisors, as well as individuals alike |
| 226 | Workers in food processing not specified in other groups |
| 227 | Printing machinery operators, aligners, printing works devices operators, printing casters, and individuals alike |
| 228 | Bunglers, reproduction printing forms assemblers, retouching experts, engravers, and individuals alike |
| 229 | Bookbinders, paper and plastics products preparation experts, as well as individuals alike |
| 230 | Luthiers, assemblers, and musical instrument tuners |
| 231 | Device operators in liquid products distribution, loaders, labelers, and sorters |
| 232 | Operators of cranes and guides |
| 233 | Operators of lifts and individuals alike |
| 234 | Operators of transshipment devices in docks, dockers, and individuals alike |
| 235 | Operators of loading, unloading, and sorting machines (forklift operators) |
| 236 | Concrete workers, bricklayers, assemblers, roofers, plasterers, sorters, tile-stove setters, and individuals alike |
| 237 | Glazers and individuals alike |
| 238 | Painters and individuals alike |
| 239 | Tillers and individuals alike |
| 240 | Masons and individuals alike |
| 241 | Pavers and individuals alike |
| 242 | Track layers and individuals alike |
| 243 | Dam makers, sod removers, pipeline assemblers, caisson workers, pile drivers, and individuals alike |
| 244 | Construction workers not specified in other groups |
| 245 | Machine and device operators in road works, ground works, track laying, and individuals alike |
| 246 | Steel and reinforced concrete constructions assemblers, as well as individuals alike |
| 247 | Pipeline assemblers and individuals alike |
| 248 | Farmers (individual ones) |
| 249 | Farm supporters |
| 250 | Gardeners and individuals alike |
| 251 | Animal breeders and individuals alike |
| 252 | Agricultural and horticultural machinery and device operators |
| 253 | Anglers (inland and maritime ones) |
| 254 | Agricultural workers not specified in other groups |
| 255 | Machine and device operators in peat removal and processing, as well as individuals alike |
| 256 | Operators of machinery and mechanic forestry devices, lumberjacks, raftsmen, log rollers, and individuals alike |
| 257 | Workers in forest cultivation, protection, and exploitation |
| 258 | Train drivers, traction vehicles drivers, train stokers, and individuals alike |
| 259 | Train conductors |
| 260 | Shunters, train adjusters, compartment auditors, and individuals alike |
| 261 | Motor vehicle drivers (tramways, trolleys) |
| 262 | Automobile drivers (cars, tractors) |
| 263 | Conductors in road transport, ticket inspectors |
| 264 | Electric and machinery experts |
| 265 | On-board sailors |
| 266 | Typists, tele-typists, and office devices operators |
| 267 | Telephonists, telegraphers, radio-telephonists, and radio-telegraphers |
| 268 | Postmen, post forwarders |
| 269 | Salesmen |
| 270 | Clerks in servicing points and individuals alike |
| 271 | Nurse assistants, paramedics, fango preparation experts, general preparation experts, disinfection experts |
| 272 | Orthopedists |
| 273 | Waiters, barmaids |
| 274 | Cook |
| 275 | Hairdressers, beauticians, make-up artists, and individuals alike |
| 276 | Photographers, bunglers, photo bunglers, photography lab assistants, and individuals alike |
| 277 | Lauders, ironers, dyers, paint makers, and individuals alike |
| 278 | Lab assistants, sample collectors |
| 279 | Firefighters |
| 280 | Non-commissioned guard officers, guardians |
| 281 | Plastic, horn, bone, metal haberdashery manufacturers, toy makers, umbrella makers |
| 282 | Wardrobe supervisors, models, theater repellents, set assemblers, gunsmiths, armorers |
| 283 | Janitors, runners, porters, lift operators, clockers, house supervisors, and individuals alike |
| 284 | Transportation, loading, and unloading workers, red-caps, escorts, warehouse workers |
| 285 | Ash removers, grates, track markers, chimneysweepers, and individuals alike |
| 286 | Cleaners, sweepers, waste removers, household workers, dish washers, fruit and vegetable peelers |
| 287 | Unspecified physical work-related positions |
| 288 | Clergymen |
| 999 | NIU (not in universe) |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Description
Definition
This variable indicates the occupation of the person who is providing economic support.
Universe
Poland 1978: Present persons who are economically active or who are being maintaned with earned sources of income [discrepancies: type I trace, type II none]
concept
Concept