Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Health 2001
Peru, 2002
Identification
PER_2001_PETSH_v01_M
Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Health 2001
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Peru | PER |
Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS)
A Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) is a diagnostic tool used to study the flow of public funds from the center to service providers. It has successfully been applied in many countries around the world where public accounting systems function poorly or provide unreliable information. The PETS has proven to be a useful tool to identify and quantify the leakage of funds. The PETS has also served as an analytical tool for understanding the causes underlying problems, so that informed policies can be developed. Finally, PETS results have successfully been used to improve transparency and accountability by supporting "power of information" campaigns.
PETS are often combined with Quantitative Service Delivery Surveys (QSDS) in order to obtain a more complete picture of the efficiency and equity of a public allocation system, activities at the provider level, as well as various agents involved in the process of service delivery.
While most of PETS and QSDS have been conducted in the health and education sectors, a few have also covered other sectors, such as justice, Early Childhood Programs, water, agriculture, and rural roads.
In the past decade, about 40 PETS and QSDS have been implemented in about 30 countries. While a large majority of these surveys have been conducted in Africa, which currently accounts for 66 percent of the total number of studies, PETS/QSDS have been implemented in all six regions of the World Bank (East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa).
The Government of Peru with the assistance of the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank launched a Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to study weaknesses of the budget execution system in education and health sectors. The study also aimed to analyze effects of these weaknesses on service delivery and to assist in the generation of policy recommendations.
Documented here is the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey conducted in Peru health sector. The study focused on Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk) program, one of the largest food assistance program in Peru. By law, the intended primary beneficiaries of the program are children six years old or less and pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Priority is given to those showing clear signs of malnutrition or tuberculosis. The products distributed can be milk in any form and/or milk substitutes, and/or other products such as soybean, oatmeal, quinoa, kiwicha or other. The funds for the program are transferred from central to local governments. Unfortunately, organizational hurdles, inefficiencies, leakages, and sometimes low nutritional value of the products chosen for distribution, limit the effectiveness of the Vaso de Leche (VdL) program to accomplish its goals.
This study analyzed the leakages of funds for Vaso de Leche program from the central government to the municipalities, within municipalities, from municipality to VdL committees, from VdL committees to beneficiaries/households, and inside the household. One hundred twenty municipalities out of 1828 were surveyed. The fieldwork was carried out from February 3, 2002, to February 17, 2002.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Scope
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Health | World Bank |
| Health Systems & Financing | World Bank |
Coverage
Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cusco, Lima, Loreto and Piura regions.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank |
| Inter-American Development Bank |
| Vice Ministry of Regional Development |
| Ministry of Economics and Finance |
| Ministry of Health |
| Name |
|---|
| Inter-American Development Bank |
| World Bank |
Sampling
The following regions were chosen for the study: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cusco, Loreto, and Piura. These regions have the broadest range of geography, population density and poverty distribution.
One hundred municipalities were selected in these regions. Municipalities were chosen based on poverty as a central stratification variable. Investigators employed the following steps:
-
A database consisting of the entire universe of districts in Peru excluding Lima & Callao (total of 1,651 districts) was used as a starting point.
-
The Ministry of Economy and Finance's continuous index of poverty FGT24 was used to calculate poverty population deciles.
-
The deciles were arranged into three groups such that group 1 consisted of deciles 1-3, group 2 contained deciles 4-7 and group 3 had deciles 8-10. These three groups approximate the categories of "not poor", "poor" and "extreme poor" and were used to stratify the districts of our sub-population (Ancash and Piura) into three strata.
-
The three strata represented 14 percent, 41 percent, and 45 percent of the districts in Peru (excluding Lima and Callao).
-
In order for the sample to be self-weighted, 14, 41, and 45 municipalities (total of 100) were chosen from each stratum respectively, (from the sub-population of six departments). The selection within each stratum was done using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) relative to district population.
Once the above procedures were carried out, individual municipalities were selected according to PPS criteria, using a complete listing of all districts selected that were ordered within the stratums by geographic order to allow a systematic selection that ensured geographic heterogeneity.
Within each municipality, from the roster of Vaso de Leche committees using systematic sampling technique, researchers selected four committees. If there were less than four Vaso de Leche committees in a municipality, all were included in the sample. A substitute for a committee was used if travel time to the committee exceeded 24 hours. The sample slightly underrepresented remote areas within the neighborhoods of the selected committees.
In each municipality investigators interviewed the mayor and obtained municipal-level data from him/her. They also attained the municipal roster of committees participating in the Vaso de Leche program. By law, Vaso de Leche committees should include a mayor, a municipal employee, a representative from the Ministry of Health, three representatives of the Mother's Associations (elected by the mothers following the rules established in their own statutes), and a representative of the local agriculture/farming association accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Enumerators interviewed at least one committee member. From the respondents, researchers received a list of beneficiary households and interviewed four households in each committee catchments area, using the survey instrument intended for households in Arequipa, Cusco, Cajamarca, and Loreto.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2002-02-03 | 2002-02-17 |
| Name |
|---|
| Instituto Apoyo |
The project began with a pilot study in Lima, Peru. The pilot consisted of 20 districts of the department of Lima (out of a total of 177 districts). Each district included a survey for the municipality; 3, 4, or 5 surveys for Vaso de Leche (VdL) mother's committees and surveys for sixteen beneficiary households (4 per VdL committee). Lima was selected for the pilot because it is considerably different from the rest of the country and therefore needed a separate treatment. Researchers were then able to report comparisons between Lima and the rest of the country, which in many cases were quite large.
Data Access
Public use file
The use of this survey must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name)
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online).
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Hooman Dabidian | World Bank | hdabidian@worldbank.org |
| Cindy Audiguier | World Bank | caudiguier@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_PER_2001_PETSH_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Antonina Redko | DECDG, World Bank | DDI documentation |
2011-10-12
Metadata version
v01 (October 2011)