Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Education 2001
Tanzania, 2000 - 2001
Identification
TZA_2001_PETSE_v01_M
Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Education 2001
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tanzania | TZA |
Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS)
A Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) is a diagnostic tool used to study the flow of public funds from the center to service providers. It has successfully been applied in many countries around the world where public accounting systems function poorly or provide unreliable information. The PETS has proven to be a useful tool to identify and quantify the leakage of funds. The PETS has also served as an analytical tool for understanding the causes underlying problems, so that informed policies can be developed. Finally, PETS results have successfully been used to improve transparency and accountability by supporting "power of information" campaigns.
PETS are often combined with Quantitative Service Delivery Surveys (QSDS) in order to obtain a more complete picture of the efficiency and equity of a public allocation system, activities at the provider level, as well as various agents involved in the process of service delivery.
While most of PETS and QSDS have been conducted in the health and education sectors, a few have also covered other sectors, such as justice, Early Childhood Programs, water, agriculture, and rural roads.
In the past decade, about 40 PETS and QSDS have been implemented in about 30 countries. While a large majority of these surveys have been conducted in Africa, which currently accounts for 66 percent of the total number of studies, PETS/QSDS have been implemented in all six regions of the World Bank (East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa).
Within the context of poverty reduction, the government of Tanzania has identified primary education, health, rural roads, water, agriculture, lands, judiciary and HIV/AIDS as priority sectors. This has been institutionalized through the Public Expenditure Review (PER), the Mid-Term Expenditure Forecast (MTEF) and the budget guidelines.
As an input into PER, this study aimed at tracking down the flow of government resources into the priority sectors. The research had two related objectives. The first was to assess the efficacy of budget execution, and the second was to make recommendations for improving monitoring of pro-poor expenditures. The former entailed a review and an assessment of the government procedures and channels for disbursing funds and reporting on pro-poor spending at all levels.
In Tanzania, there are three levels that pro-poor funds or materials go through before reaching the final beneficiary, e.g. primary school pupils or health patients. The first level is the central government, the second is council headquarters and the third is service units. At each of these levels or during transfers between them, delays and/or leakages may occur. Therefore, a close look at each level and follow-up of the transfer process is important for assessing the efficacy of budget execution.
This PETS, also entitled "Pro-Poor Expenditure Tracking,” was conducted by non-profit organizations Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA) and Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) in 2001 with an input from Tanzanian government. The project covered four sectors: primary education, primary health care, water and rural roads. Data for 1999-2000 and first half of 2000-2001 years was gathered at central, local and service unit levels. Babati, Kisarawe, Mtwara Urban, Dodoma Rural and Kigoma Urban districts were included in the sample.
Documented here is the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey conducted in Tanzania education sector. Five district councils and sixteen primary schools were surveyed.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Ministry of Finance,
- Ministry of Education,
- District Councils,
- Primary Schools,
- Teachers,
- Students.
Scope
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Education | World Bank |
| Primary Education | World Bank |
Coverage
Babati, Kisarawe, Mtwara Urban, Dodoma Rural and Kigoma Urban districts
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Government of Tanzania |
Sampling
Field survey was conducted at the central government, local authorities and service unit levels. At the central government level discussions were held with the ministries of finance and education.
At the local authorities level, five councils were visited, namely Babati, Kisarawe, and Dodoma rural councils and Mtwara and Kigoma urban councils. Their choice was based on geographical
balance, rural-urban and whether or not a council has installed integrated financial management system (IFMS).
At the council level, four primary schools were picked for interviews from each selected local authority. Two schools were from the ward that housed the councils' headquarters, and two from the ward considered remote by the council. The remote/non-remote selection was intended to capture variations in administrative costs, lobbying power and population disparities. However, due to inaccessibility in some areas, only 16 primary schools were visited.
Survey instrument
The fieldwork was basically an audit exercise for the councils. The exercise was done in steps as follows:
Step 1: information was obtained from the Ministry of Finance on the amount disbursed, purpose (e.g. PE/OC), earmarked sector and date of disbursement.
Step 2: information was obtained from the council (in this case the Treasurer) on the amount received, purpose and date of receipt.
Step 3: information was obtained from the Treasurer on the amount disbursed to the relevant sectors, purpose (e.g. OC, school materials) and date of disbursement.
Step 4: information was obtained from Sectoral Heads on the amount received, purpose and date of receipt.
Step 5: information was obtained from Sectoral Heads on the amount disbursed to service units, purpose and date of disbursement.
Step 6: information was obtained from service heads (e.g. head teachers) on the amount received, purpose and date of receipt.
At all these steps a second round of interviews aimed at clarifying and counterchecking information between levels was done. This was necessary to ensure consistency and validity of the information.
In addition to the "audit" exercise a careful review of the system of disbursement, reporting and accountability was made and followed through the various levels.
Auditing of materials that were sent directly from the central government (e.g. Ministries of Education and Health) focused mainly at the council and sub-council levels.
Finally, interviews were made with direct beneficiaries, including pupils and residents, on availability of materials, drugs and services at the service units.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2000-12 | 2001 |
| Name |
|---|
| Research on Poverty Alleviation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Economic and Social Research Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
Data Access
Public use file
The use of this survey must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name)
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online).
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Hooman Dabidian | World Bank | hdabidian@worldbank.org |
| Cindy Audiguier | World Bank | caudiguier@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_TZA_2001_PETSE_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Antonina Redko | DECDG, World Bank | DDI documentation |
2011-10-20
Metadata version
v01 (October 2011)